Pros and cons of Lithuanias integration to the EU Essay Example

Pros and cons of Lithuanias integration to the EU Essay In 1999 Lithuania was invited to negotiate for the EU membership. Lithuania was recognized as an equal partner , thus the door to the EU, one of the most powerful political and economical unions, was opened. Although Lithuania strives to join the EU structures and the markets of the West economy, controversies surrounding the necessity of Lithuanias integration to the EU have reached its peak of debates. This question can be solved considering the main economical problems of Lithuania and the ways to solve them. They can be defined as relations with Russia, problematic situation in agricultural sector , fear to be inadequate to compete with the West. The first problem of Lithuania is relations with Russia. In spite of increased integration with the EU, Russia remains Lithuanias main trading partner. The crisis could therefore worsen the trade balance and slow down growth in the industrial sectors exporting to Russia. Even if political aspects of these relations the imperialist ambitions of Russia, the fluctuation of democracy and political stability could be denied, Lithuania still should admit that the crisis of Russia proved how it is ruinous to have affairs with such unforeseen partner. So, in comparison with Russia, the EU remains progressive and successful economical union that guarantees for each member their place in European market. The second reason of integrations to the EU enmity is problematic situation in agricultural sector. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and cons of Lithuanias integration to the EU specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and cons of Lithuanias integration to the EU specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and cons of Lithuanias integration to the EU specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In fact, the majority of farmers are still incapable to compete, their labour productivity is low, the cost price is high. Lithuania still cannot implement and enforce the Community veterinary and sanitary requirements and upgrade the establishments to meet Community standarts. In addition, little progress is made in land reform and privatisation. Delays in land titling have seriously constrained the development of a proper land market. Further restructuring is needed for a more efficient and viable farming sector. On the other hand, if Lithuania does not join the EU, the number of farmers will have to decrease anyway. However, Lithuania will have to solve the problems of farmers employment and competition. So, in this case the question , whether Lithuania is able to solve it with its own means and to cope with all problems alone, can be derived. The EU allies claim that the EU subsidies more means than Lithuania will have to contribute to the EU budget. In conclusion, despite the EU promises to solve such problems of its future members, the agricultural sector remains the key area, which Lithuania has to improve itself. The third and final problem of Lithuania to join the EU is inadequacy to compete with the West. Some interest groups have already felt problems that are waiting after Lithuanias integration to the EU. The enterprises that at the moment get the financial support of the state, will incur losses. The enterprises trading with Russia also will incur losses , because the import barriers will increase. On the other hand, the barriers joining the common EU interior market will be abolished. According to some of the EU allies, although Lithuanias participation in the common EU market will increase competition, this will induce business and enterprises to reformation, cause the maintenance of Lithuanias economy and increase the level of livelihood. The best thing that the membership can offer to Lithuania is the restriction of bureaucracy in business sector and the concession of more freedoms and opportunities for initiative businessmen. In conclusion, despite the fact that the future membership to the EU will cause for Lithuania competitive pressure and it will condemn Lithuania to reform and revive its industry and agriculture, but in the long period the membership to the EU should guarantee for Lithuania both economical and financial stability. Summing all pros and cons in controversies surrounding Lithuanias integration to the EU, it is useful to remind that Lithuanias integration is delayed, because such state as Lithuania presents many problems. The most important of them are difficult relations with Russia, problems in agricultural sector and inadequacy to compete with the West. To decide whether such state as Lithuania has to join the EU, is a very debatable question. Indeed, the fact that integration causes not only positive, but also negative effect propose a conclusion that Lithuania, in comparison with other stronger states, still should wait.

Biography of Sobhuza II King of Swazi

Biography of Sobhuza II King of Swazi Sobhuza II was paramount Chief of the Swazi from 1921 and king of Swaziland from 1967 (until his death in 1982). His reign is the longest for any recorded modern African ruler (there are a couple of ancient Egyptians who, it is claimed, ruled for longer). During his period of rule, Sobhuza II saw Swaziland gain independence from Britain. Date of birth: 22 July 1899Date of death: 21 August 1982, Lobzilla Palace near Mbabane, Swaziland An Early LifeSobhuzas father, King Ngwane V died in February 1899, at the age of 23, during the yearly incwala (First Fruit) ceremony. Sobhuza, who was born later that year, was named as heir on 10 September 1899 under the regency of his grandmother, Labotsibeni Gwamile Mdluli. Sobhuzas grandmother had a new national school built in order that he obtain the best possible education. He finished school with two years at the Lovedale Institute in Cape Province, South Africa. In 1903 Swaziland became a British protectorate, and in 1906 administration was transferred to a British High Commissioner, who took responsibility for Basutoland, Bechuanaland and Swaziland. In 1907 the Partitions Proclamation ceded vast tracts of land to European settlers this was to prove a challenge for Sobhuzas reign. Paramount Chief of the SwaziSobhuza II was installed to the throne, as paramount chief of the Swazi (the British did not consider him a king at that time) on 22 December 1921. He immediately petitioned to have the Partitions Proclamation overturned. He traveled for this reason to London in 1922, but was unsuccessful in his attempt. It was not until the outbreak of World War II that he achieved a breakthrough obtaining a promise that Britain would buy back the land from settlers and restore it to the Swazi in exchange for Swazi support in the war. Towards the end of the war, Sobhuza II was declared the native authority within Swaziland, giving him an unprecedented level of power in a British colony. He was still under the aegis of the British High Commissioner though. After the war, a decision had to be made about the three High Commission Territories in southern Africa. Since the Union of South Africa, in 1910, there had been a plan to incorporate the three regions into the Union. But the SA government had become increasingly polarized and power was held by a minority white government. When the National Party took power in 1948, campaigning on an ideology of Apartheid, the British government realized that they could not hand over the High Commission territories to South Africa. The 1960s saw the beginnings of independence in Africa, and in Swaziland several new associations and parties formed, eager to have their say about the nations path to freedom from British rule. Two commissions were held in London with representatives of the European Advisory Council (EAC), a body which represented the rights of white settlers in Swaziland to the British High Commissioner, the Swazi National Council (SNC) which advised Sobhuza II on traditional tribal matters, the Swaziland Progressive Party (SPP) which represented the educated elite who felt alienated by traditional tribal rule, and the Ngwane National Liberatory Congress (NNLC) who wanted a democracy with a constitutional monarch. Constitutional MonarchIn 1964, feeling that he, and his extended, ruling Dlamini family, were not getting enough attention (they wanted to maintain their hold over traditional government in Swaziland after independence), Sobhuza II oversaw the creation of the royalist Imbokodvo National Movement (INM). The INM was successful in pre-independence elections, winning all 24 seats in the legislature (with the backing of the white settler United Swaziland Association). In 1967, in the final run up to independence, Sobhuza II was recognized by the British as a constitutional monarch. When independence was finally achieved on 6 September 1968, Sobhuza II was king and Prince Makhosini Dlamini was the countrys first Prime Minister. The transition to independence was smooth, with Sobhuza II announcing that since they were late coming to their sovereignty, they had the opportunity to observe the problems encountered elsewhere in Africa. From the beginning Sobhuza II meddled in the governance of the country, insisting oversight on all aspects of the legislature and judiciary. He promulgated government with a Swazi flavour, insisting that parliament was a consultative body of elders. It helped that his royalist party, the INM, controlled government. He was also slowly equipping a private army. Absolute MonarchIn April 1973 Sobhuza II abrogated the constitution and disbanded parliament, becoming an absolute monarch of the kingdom and ruling through a national council which he appointed. Democracy, he claimed, was un-Swazi. In 1977 Sobhuza II set up a traditional tribal advisory panel the Supreme Council of State, or Liqoqo. The Liqoqo was made up from members of the extended royal family, the Dlamini, who were previously members of the Swaziland National Council. He also set up a new tribal community system, the tiNkhulda, which provided elected representatives to a House of Assembly. Man of the PeopleThe Swazi people accepted Sobhuza II with great affection, he regularly appeared in traditional Swazi leopard-skin loincloth and feathers, oversaw traditional festivities and rituals, and practiced traditional medicine. Sobhuza II maintained a tight control on Swaziland politics by marrying into notable Swazi families. He was a strong proponent of polygamy. Records are unclear, but it is believed that he took more than 70 wives and had somewhere between 67 and 210 children. (It is estimated that at his death, Sobhuza II had around 1000 grandchildren). His own clan, the Dlamini, accounts for almost one quarter of the population of Swaziland. Throughout his reign he worked to reclaim lands granted to white settlers by his predecessors. This included an attempt in 1982 to claim the South African Bantustan of KaNgwane. (KaNgwane was the semi-independent homeland which had been created in 1981 for the Swazi population living in South Africa.) KaNgwane would have given Swaziland its own, much needed, access to the sea. International RelationsSobhuza II maintained good relations with his neighbors, especially Mozambique, through which it was able to access the sea and trade routes. But it was a careful balancing act with Marxist Mozambique on one side and Apartheid South Africa on the other. It was revealed after his death that Sobhuza II had signed secret security agreements with the Apartheid government in South Africa, giving them the opportunity to pursue the ANC camped in Swaziland. Under Sobhuza IIs leadership, Swaziland developed its natural resources, creating the largest man-made commercial forest in Africa, and expanding iron and asbestos mining to become a leading exporter in the 70s. Death of a KingPrior to his death, Sobhuza II appointed Prince Sozisa Dlamini to act as chief advisor to the regent, the Queen Mother Dzeliwe Shongwe. The regent wasa to act on behalf of the 14 year old heir, Prince Makhosetive. After Sobhuza IIs death on 21 August 1982, a power struggle erupted between Dzeliwe Shongwe and Sozisa Dlamini. Dzeliwe was ousted from the position, and after acting as regent for a month and a half, Sozisa appointed Prince Makhosetives mother, Queen Ntombi Thwala to be the new regent. Prince Makhosetive was crowned king, as Mswati III, on 25 April 1986.

Quotes About Being Aloneâ€but Not Lonely

Quotes About Being Alone- but Not Lonely Some people find it unnerving to be left alone when there are far too many uncomfortable dimensions to the solitude. Yet being alone does not necessarily mean being lonely. For instance, assume you are left alone with your thoughts. If you find peace in solitude, your time alone may be a blessing, a welcome respite from the cares of the world. The right quotes show that being alone- far from being lonely- provides a chance to reflect on life. Buddha All things appear and disappear because of the concurrence of causes and conditions. Nothing ever exists entirely alone; everything is in relation to everything else. Henry David Thoreau I love to be alone. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude. Ann Landers It is far better to be alone than to wish you were. Warsan Shire My alone feels so good, I’ll only have you if you’re sweeter than my solitude. Marilyn Monroe I restore myself when Im alone. Its better to be unhappy alone than unhappy with someone- so far. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe The soul that sees beauty may sometimes walk alone. Julie Delpy Too many women throw themselves into romance because they’re afraid of being single, then start making compromises and losing their identity. I won’t do that. Thomas Merton If we seek paradise outside ourselves, we cannot have paradise in our hearts.Wayne Dyer You cannot be lonely if you like the person youre alone with. John Steinbeck All great and precious things are lonely. Blaise Pascal All mens miseries derive from not being able to sit in a quiet room alone. James Dean Being an actor is the loneliest thing in the world. You are all alone with your concentration and imagination, and thats all you have. The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Every man must do two things alone; he must do his own believing and his own dying. George Washington It is better to be alone than in bad company. Dr. Seuss All alone! Whether you like it or not, alone is something youll be quite a lot. Dalai Lama Spend some time alone every day. African Proverb It is better to travel alone than with a bad companion. Jules Renard If you are afraid of being lonely, dont try to be right. Suzanne Gordon To be alone is to be different, to be different is to be alone. Charles Caleb Colton To dare to live alone is the rarest courage; since there are many who had rather meet their bitterest enemy in the field, than their own hearts in their closet. Alain de Botton Booksellers are the most valuable destination for the lonely, given the numbers of books that were written because authors couldnt find anyone to talk to. Georg Trakl For whoever is lonely there is a tavern. Paul Tillich Language...has created the word loneliness to express the pain of being alone. And it has created the word solitude to express the glory of being alone. Jose Garcia Villa No more truth. Bells ring no more in me. I am all alone singly. Lonely rests my head. O my God! I am dead. Pearl S. Buck The person who tries to live alone will not succeed as a human being. His heart withers if it does not answer another heart. His mind shrinks away if he hears only the echoes of his own thoughts and finds no other inspiration. Vicki Baum Fame always brings loneliness. Success is as ice-cold and lonely as the North Pole. Anonymous I think Id do better on my own, no friends, no fights, just me alone. Christopher Morley Beauty is ever to the lonely mind a shadow fleeting; she is never plain. She is a visitor who leaves behind the gift of grief, the souvenir of pain. Hafiz of Persia â€Å"I wish I could show you when you are lonely or in darkness the astonishing light of your own being.† Ancient Chinese Proverb â€Å"An invisible thread connects those who are destined to meet, regardless or time, place, and circumstance. The thread may stretch or tangle. But it will never break.† Mandy Hale â€Å"A season of loneliness and isolation is when the caterpillar gets its wings. Remember that next time you feel alone.† Dr. Wayne Dyer You cannot be lonely if you like the person youre alone with. Joseph F. Newton â€Å"People are lonely because they build walls instead of bridges.†

Presenting the first step of the three step writing process Assignment

Presenting the first step of the three step writing process - Assignment Example During the completion step, the writer revises, proofreads, and distributes the final report among the audience. The three step writing process is important to create purposeful presentations, which are comprehensible, brief, and focused, all at the same time. Planning Planning of business messages requires a business professional to do following tasks: A. Analyzing the situation is the most important step of planning, as it includes clearly identifying the purpose of report and analyzing the audience type. It not only saves time but is also convenient in terms of budget. Business message must be purposeful, worthwhile, and realistic, and must go in accordance with the IQ level of the audience. For example, if the intended audience is elderly employees, then it is no use using too many technological words, as they will not be able to understand. B. The information, that should necessarily be ethical and pertinent, is gathered keeping in consideration the needs of the audience. This i nformation outlines the purpose of the business message to be conveyed. For example, business message intended for females must encompass the needs of women only, and not the general population. This may include messages about maternity leave; and, these messages will be laid out in a way that interests only females. C. Medium, through which the message will travel onto the audience, is considered. The writer considers whether to deliver message through, for example, conversation, speech, lecture, phone call, email, or brochure; and, also considers cost and availability of the chosen media. The audiences’ access to the chosen media is also considered. For example, not every person uses computer and internet, that is, electronic media. There may be some individuals who may use internet inside the workplace but do not have computers at homes. So, to deliver the message to general audience, all pros and cons of chosen media are considered. D. Lastly, the information gathered or the message outlined is organized. Organization saves times and makes the message more clear and understandable, while building audience interest at the same time. For example, a claim without evidence is a kind of unorganized message that is not reliable at all. Real World Example Let’s suppose that the employer has to arrange a vacation, and has to ask the employees to report their convenient dates for vacations. The first step would be planning, in which the employer has to analyze the problem. Information about employees and their past vacations is analyzed. Medium is selected. Emails are a common form of interaction between employees, so this channel may be preferred. In writing phase, a clear message is laid out. For example: â€Å"All employees are requested to submit their convenient dates for the oncoming vacation to the manager by October 15th,† is a good message encompassing all kinds of employees. This kind of message is not only clear and simple, but also gives others a chance to collaborate, in a shared environment, with each other and with the officials. In completion step, the message is revised, proofread, and is distributed through the chosen medium, which may be email or a simple report form. Insight I believe that the three step writing process needs the writer to possess basic writing skills; and, that he must be able to understand the importance of clear, concise, accurate, and pertinent business message. I have learnt that an

Global Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global Trade - Essay Example Consequently, fair trade has not developed in Third World countries, such as those of Africa and Latin America. Globalization is a post-World War II phenomenon that evolved based on the need to identify ways to promote economic progress among newly independent countries that used to be colonies. According to Piasecki and Wolnicki (2004), "After the second World War, there was widespread interest among economists in finding solutions to the poverty and underdevelopment left behind by the disintegrating colonial system" (par. 3). Experiments with planned economies in the 1950s and 1960s were met with only limited success, and frequent failure, in the developing world. "Until the 1980s, a score of developing nations experimented with non-market theories and concepts, but with rather limited success. Brazil, India experienced a few years of non-sustainable growth in the 1960s. Unfortunately, none of these countries could match the successes of those that chose the mixed economy and the market system in 1990s" (par. 8). By the 1980s, it became apparent that Third World development lagged and there was a need for a new approach. "By the 1980s, against many prominent economists' expectations, development had not materialized in the Third World - with the exception of the Gulf nations. Even in countries such as Qatar, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia, where significant growth was observed, employment gains were generally unsatisfactory. Everywhere else in the developing world inequality and poverty grew. In addition, inflow of capital and Western consumption standards challenged traditional sectors and the existing power structures. As a result, tensions between modernizers and Islamic traditionalists heightened" (par. 9). In other parts of the world, the 1980s also brought a realization that economic development approaches had not been adequate. The 1980s came to be known as Latin America's "lost decade," in which there was "mounting debt, inflation, and negative growth" throughout much of the region (par. 15). A consensus began to grow around the idea that "a free market and open economy supported development far better than any form of protectionism and state interventionism." A new model of global capitalism, spearheaded by America, began to take hold in the 1990s in the hopes of reversing the economic stagnation in the Third World that had marked the decades since World War II. A theory began to take hold that opening up economies, spurring international investment, and knocking down trade barriers would produce a rising economic tide that would benefit both the developed and the developing world. It was hoped that multinational corporations let loose to pursue their profits across political boundaries would be the engine that spurred a new era of global economic growth. The new economic model was based on "tough fiscal and monetary policy, deregulation, foreign trade and capital flow liberalization, elimination of government subsidies, moderate taxation, liberalization of interest rates, maintenance of low inflation, and so forth. The proponents of these comprehensive liberal reforms strongly believed that the 'miracle of the market' would eventually so lve the problems endemic to underdevelopment. A special role in this process

The Presence of Self-Hatred Essay Example for Free

The Presence of Self-Hatred Essay Racial discrimination has always been one problem that is experienced on a global scale. Although Barrack Obama has won the presidential election in the United States of America, there are still debates concerning the United States and the issue about the blacks vs. the whites. History and literature are two important branches of knowledge that can attest to the racial discrimination that the blacks have always experienced. In fact, even the media has taken up the fact that even though black is beauty, white is even more beautiful—the mountains of bleaching and whitening products available in the market can attest to that. Moreover, while Snow White is loved by many, Princess Jasmine (of Aladdin) is not exactly that famous compared to her blue-eyed counter parts. It has been ingrained in so many people, most especially to that of the younger generation, that it is so bad to be black; or rather, it is so ugly to be black. Fairy tales tell us of the big, bad, black wolf. Hoodlums and villains in movies are most often the darker ones and those that have the fairer skins are hailed as the hero or heroine of the movie. The characters present in the novel written by Toni Morrison are not exempted to this belief. Although the novel provides some of the more domesticated problems that are somehow always present in the dramatic works of literature (like Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment or Franks McCourt’s Angela’s Ashes) and movies (Julia Roberts’ battered character in Sleeping With The Enemy or Jennifer Lopez’s role in Enough), the most apparent subject in the novel is the obvious contempt for the characters’ skin colors and their undeniable desire to change who they are and what they have. The novel features Pecola Breedlove, a young, naive, black girl who hates her color and herself for belonging to her race. She believes herself as very ugly and assumes that having blue eyes will be the only thing that will make her beautiful and likable. The novel centers on Pecola and her relationship with her family as they face the demon in their lives and get lost in their own personal problems and issues. The novel starts with a narrator already telling the resolution of the novel and uses a flashback to recount the events in the part of the novel’s Prologue: Our innocence and faith were no more productive than his lust or despair. What is clear now is that of all of that hope, fear, lust, love, and grief, nothing remains but Pecola and the unyielding earth. Cholly Breedlove is dead; our innocence too. The seeds shriveled and died; her baby too. (Morrison 9-10) The narrator is none other than one of the MacTeer sisters, Claudia herself, who Pecola stays with (ordered by Court officials) after Pecola’s father burns down their house and leaves the Breedlove family homeless. Pecola, Claudia, and Frieda (another of the MacTeer daughters and Claudia’s sister) soon become friends, and the MacTeer sisters find that it is their duty to protect Pecola who seems to be bullied by everyone in their town. Because of the apparent treatment of the people in their neighborhood (with the exception of the MacTeer sisters), Pecola develops this belief that the only solution for people to love her and actually be pleased with her is if she acquires â€Å"blue eyes†: It had occurred to Pecola some time ago that if her eyes, those eyes that held the pictures, and knew the sightsif those eyes of hers were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different. Her teeth were good, and at least her nose was not big and flat like some of those who were thought so cute. If she looked different, beautiful, maybe Cholly would be different, and Mrs. Breedlove too. Maybe theyd say, â€Å"Why, look at pretty-eyed Pecola. We mustnt do bad things in front of those pretty eyes. † Each night, without fail, she prayed for blue eyes. Fervently, for a year she had prayed. Although somewhat discouraged, she was not without hope. To have something as wonderful as that happen would take a long, long time. (Morrison 25-26) The novel turns for the worst as Pecola returns to her family, and each family member is revealed as having his or her own issues with who he or she is and coming to grips with his or her personal history. Cholly Breedlove is the man of the house and the father of Pecola—he is lazy, does not work, and is occupied with only two things—getting drunk and beating up his wife, Pauline. Cholly’s drinking can be explained with the fact that he suffered from an earlier humiliation caused by two white hunters who forced him to make love to his first girlfriend Darlene as the two hunters watched the scene. Later, he gets Pauline Williams (another girlfriend and the mother of Pecola) pregnant; they marry and eventually become Mr. and Mrs. Breedlove. Soon, problems arise as they find each other very disagreeable; while the husband gets drunk and beats the wife, the wife lets the husband beat her because she feels like a â€Å"martyr† by letting him do so (Morrison 23). Through the philosophical theory of existentialism, the situation of the drunken husband and the battered, martyred wife can be explained by the fact that they feed on each other’s existence and role so that they can play out their own role. To put it simply, the husband exists to beat the wife, and the wife exists to get beaten. Without the other’s personal issues and problems, none of the intricate themes of the novel will be present and have meaning. Meanwhile, Pauline Breedlove works as a servant in a white’s family’s house and by doing so, creates an illusion or a fantasy that being close to them (proximity-wise) makes her beautiful. Pauline, like her daughter Pecola, believes in her ugliness to be very appalling and horrifying. She runs away from reality and gets lost in the world of romantic television shows. Of all the characters in the novel, it is Pauline’s and Pecola’s evident low self-esteem that makes them â€Å"unique† (Morrison 22). Self-denial is so strong in the novel that it borders on hating themselves so much that they believe in the fantastical (to point of being ridiculous) ideas that if something in them changes, then they can be beautiful, the world will love them, and their lives will be better. However, their notion of ugliness can be traced to the fact that they are black, and the world jeers at them and judges them as ugly because they are black: The master had said, â€Å"You are ugly people. † They had looked about themselves and saw nothing to contradict the statement; saw, in fact, support for it leaning at them from every billboard, every movie, every glance. â€Å"Yes,† they had said. â€Å"You are right. † And they took the ugliness in their hands, threw it as a mantle over them, and went about the world with it. (Morrison 21) The excerpt above proves that because the world considers them as ugly, then they believe themselves to be ugly. The Breedloves saw around them that belonging to such race is awful. This can be traced of course to the fact that when the novel was first published in 1970, the concept of racism was still very much present. Unfortunately, hating one’s own race and skin color is disaster itself since that would mean hating the entirety of one’s being—to be appalled at one’s actions or attitude is very different from hating one’s self because of what or who he or she is. Nevertheless, one important passage can disregard or negate the argument of the assumption above: You looked at them and wondered why they were so ugly; you looked closely and could not find the source. Then you realized that it came from conviction, their conviction. It was as though some mysterious all-knowing master had given each one a cloak of ugliness to wear, and they had each accepted it without question. (Morrison 22) Do the Breedloves hate themselves because they believe the world thinks they are ugly, or do they hate themselves because they believe they are ugly, thus, the world believes so too? It can be likened to a rhetorical question of who came first, the chicken or the egg (and like all rhetorical questions, they are not really meant to be answered)? It is quite sad to think that the characters have decided that they are ugly; for it means they are already determined to be ugly and no matter what other people would say and argue, they would never waver from that conclusion. As a result, because of their decision, they denied themselves of being themselves. The novel ends in much melancholic tragedy for all the characters—Cholly rapes Pecola and gets her pregnant, but eventually, the baby dies and so does Cholly; the MacTeer sisters lose their innocence; Sammy (the brother of Pecola) runs away, and the marigolds refuse to grow in their community. Most of all, however, Pecola thinks she has the bluest eyes, â€Å"My eyes. My blue eyes. Let me look again. See how pretty they are. Yes. They get prettier each time I look at them. They are the prettiest Ive ever seen. † (Morrison 79) It is such a tragedy for Pecola because for her to believe that she indeed has blue eyes is the realization that self-hatred has won. Work Cited Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Penguin Groups, 1994.

Compare and Contrast the Poetry of James Berry and John Betjeman, with

Compare and Contrast the Poetry of James Berry and John Betjeman, with particular reference to the Cultural Differences. Refer to at Least two Poems by each Poet James Berry's poems are written from the perspective of a lady named Lucy. Lucy moved to England because she had heard the streets were practically paved with gold there. She writes letters to her friend Leela in the form of poems. Lucy regrets her move to England in a lot of ways and finds it gloomy and cold. She misses Jamaica and doesn't really like London but she is too proud to admit that, so her letters also contain a number of positive yet vain sounding points about the advantages of living in England, such as, "An' doctors free." Lucy writes of how she has, "turned a battery hen," in the poem 'Lucy's Letters' because she feels trapped in London. She was used to a relaxed and friendly way of life in Jamaica so the culture in London came as a big shock to her. London is a lot bigger and much less friendly than Jamaica. In Jamaica everyone knows each other so Leela asked Lucy in a letter to her if she'd ever met the Queen. Lucy is used to the unspoilt beauty of the Jamaican scenery so London comes as a big change. She describes it to Leela as: "A parish Of a pasture-lan what Grown crisscross streets." In Jamaica Lucy could leave her door unlocked but write of how she can't do that in London: "I carry keys everywhere Life here's no open summer." She sees the lifestyle as monotonous because every day seems the same. She feels in some ways that she doesn't really belong in London. In the poem 'From Lucy: Englan' Lady' she describes the Queen as being, "Like she a space touris'," because she is somewhat alienated from the res... ...tional. Berry, however, uses Creole phrases and grammar in his poetry. In the poem 'Lucy's Letter,' Berry uses the phrase, " I long for we labrish bad," meaning Lucy longs to gossip without restraint. Berry uses figures of speech in his poetry unlike Betjeman. For instance, in the poem 'Lucy's Letter', Berry uses the metaphor, "I really a sponge" and in 'From Lucy: Englan' Lady,' he uses similes such as, " Like a seagull flyin' slow slow." Berry and Betjeman have very different writing styles, partly because of the influences of their very different cultures. Berry's easy going Jamaican upbringing is reflected in his poetry through his use of Creole and the structure of his poetry. Betjeman reflects his English upbringing through his regular, ordered stanzas. Although they are very different they both work very well and make for very enjoyable reading.

E-governance and E-democracy in South Korea: Civil Participation Essay

What everyone is hailing as a new phenomenon is the coming to the fore of e-government and e-democracy. The phenomenon is new and had been around only for ten years. It started at around the beginning of the 1990s following in the wake of the advent of the Internet (UOC 2002). There had been various technology advances that came into existence that had shown good result in the private sector by enabling the availability of numerous services and information online. The members of the private sectors had exploited these new introductions effectively by putting them to good use. Some concerned citizens had been asking why the various governments are not doing what the private sector had been doing for some time now. Governments also in their quest to be efficient in what they are doing had been examining these new technologies from a while back where there had been effort to implement them effectively in what the various governments are doing. Currently, both the citizens and the various governments are working to harness these new technologies in order to put them to a constructive use. However, it is not easy as there is cost involved, as well as it would take time for all introductions to be effective simply because there is a lot of work involved. In addition, there is effort to create some kind of a balance between the demand-pull and the supply-pull that this paper will discuss further so that the whole undertaking will be productive. The whole idea of e-government and e-democracy rotates around the government policy making process, the kind of citizen participation that is prevalent, and the kind of public work conducted through the existing interaction. The advent of the Internet at around the year 1991 had altered the interaction, whereby the traditional way of carrying governmental duties had evolved eventually to uphold what is stated in the participatory theory. What used to be the norm was the citizens would elect their representatives and pay their taxes. Those elected representatives will form the various governmental bodies that will come up with policies and allocate the available resources based on what the priority is. That includes the up-keeping of existing programs, where the requirement is to conduct the measures taken according to what the law requires. The outcome of such a governing method had always created a barrier making it difficult for the political leaders to know what kind of change in the need as well as priority of the citizen had been introduced simply because there was a lack of citizen participation. There was also a lack of mechanism through which the government could find out what the citizens need or what their stand is as far as certain aspects of implementing measures were concerned. This was due to the lack of mechanism through which citizens can input what they want to communicate to those they have elected them into the various offices. Since the introduction of the Internet, this process had been changing for the better. Starting from the connectivity that is made simple and available in a large scale, the coming into existence of various software, as well as new technologies had enhanced the whole deal, where it was increasingly becoming possible to meet the challenges of delivering a very effective public service by allowing the citizens to participate more often. Concepts such as e-government and e-democracy were the byproducts of such developments and eventually they had become complex concepts that require in depth studying and analysis in order to apply them properly and effectively. Harnessing them properly would result in such a way that there will be a top-down and a bottom-up interaction among those who are involved, mainly the citizens and those in charge of governmental policies. This paper will analyze and discuss where this whole concept started off, what is the perception, and implication of e-government and e-democracy are as well the participation level of the citizens. In addition the study covers, what the new technological introductions had ushered in and what kind of interaction is prevalent or had come into existence among the various governmental bodies and the citizens who are the stakeholders and are the ones who put in office representatives who in their turn are emulating to serve them effectively. The whole idea of e-government and e-democracy focuses at the government policy making process, the kind of citizen participation that is prevalent in the process, and the kind of public work conducted through the existing interaction. The particular interaction had gone through a transformation since the advent of the Internet at around the year 1991, whereby the traditional way of carrying out governmental duties had evolved eventually. What this had resulted into is citizens are gradually becoming participants in the decision making process that will affect their day to day living, as well as how they will be benefited from what is due to given members of society who are the tax payers. The interaction also involves businesses where the G2B participation takes place and the outcome had been observed to be information technology is empowering everyone involved in the process of running an effective society enabling each participant to play their part more effectively where doing things democratically is becoming more and more possible. In light of this, the essay will try to shed light on the new phenomenon that found its way into the working process of what governments, businesses, and citizens are doing and have become to be perceived as e-government and e-democracy. The method used is qualitative research simply because the analysis focuses on the effect of the advent of new electronic mediums on what governments are doing, as far as their decision making process is concerned. There had always been a certain amount of citizen involvement in the government decision making process that highlights the existing C2G relationship. It was possible to augment the earlier level of involvement because of the arrival of electronic mediums such as the Internet that had made any kind of interaction between various groups easily manageable while making the participation theory more of a reality. Hence, this particular qualitative research is exploring the phenomenon that is created by the introduction of the new electronic mediums into what the various governments are doing and study what kind of effect it already has on the decision making process the various governmental bodies when they start involving the citizens more and the benefits brought to the fore. The other area is it had been made possible to use these new mediums to avail governmental services to the citizens and its effect had been analyzed based on its effect on how the various governments are carrying out their duties, while at the same time what the outcome had been so far. Furthermore, the research includes why such an interaction is important in order to enhance what the government is doing, by enabling it to render an effective service without incurring high cost, as well as what the benefit to the citizens will be when their participation level is enhanced. This would mean the process of using and allocating resources would be more manageable among other achievements such as convenience of doing business and being cost effective. The qualitative research also studies how the whole process is affecting the citizens who are becoming more informed and what that would mean for the present time and the future. Hence, the qualitative research method used is more or less a â€Å"case study† of the interaction of the various governments and the citizens at the various levels that they are serving them and regarding how the introduction of the new electronic mediums such as the Internet is affecting it. There is still a dispute as to what exactly e-government means. There are sources such as E-government Policy Network of the Privy Office (PCO) that claims since the issue of e-government is complex it will be misleading to come up with a single definition. According to PCO, the best way out is to come up with a starting point that will lead to more dialogue that will eventually lead to a common perception of what e-government or e-governance would mean (PCO). Opponents of such outlooks are against such stance simply because they claim that it will add to the ambiguity and will make it difficult to hold governments accountable to what they are doing. Various agencies have various perception about information and communication technologies (ICTs) and according to the paper Kim presented major governmental agencies have their own take of e-government that is useful to examine simply because it is these kinds of governmental bodies that have the need to interact with the citizens that they are serving by raising their participation level, so that they would have a clear understanding of the public’s stand and outlook about the work they are doing (Kim). It is possible to do several things at the same time, where these governmental establishments could start finding a way of letting the citizens participate in the decision making process of what they are doing. They could also avail most of their services online that will result in introducing efficiency in what they are doing. Last but not least they could educate the public by availing easily accessible information online, which would enable them to interact with well informed citizens whose input would be more valuable. The EUC is one good example and had defined ITC as a powerful tool for applying good governance that harbors openness, active citizen participation, the acceptability of those involved, a focus in the effectiveness and coherence of whatever is going to be introduced. The OECD had defined e-government as the applying of ICT such as the Internet to achieve a better government that will introduce better policy results, enhanced service, a greater level of involving the citizens in what is taking place. The World Bank had defined e-government as the best way of harnessing Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile services that are proven to transform the interaction and participation between citizens, businesses, and the various forms of governments at various levels. Establishments such as the UN had zeroed in on the fact that what e-government ushers in is not different from what e-commerce had ushered in such a way that it would primary be Internet-driven where citizens could have an unobstructed government information, services, and the ability to participate in various decision making process, simply because it is not going to be difficult to muster such an undertaking. The UN also had its own definition where it emphasizes on the unwavering commitment governments should have in improving the interaction and participation of private citizens and the public sector, which would result in being cost effective and the information delivered and the working arrangement will end up being very effective, while at the time it will be possible to disseminate knowledge at a very high level. The outcome if applied in its entirety would mean it is possible to involve citizens in as many as possible decision making processes. Since that is not applicable in a large scale currently, it is difficult to assess or foretell what the outcome will be. Another key input of e-governance could be it can create a platform where various polarized groups can come together and consult on what will be best for everyone without introducing difficulty that will discourage the participants, where either they could find their effort futile or it will be difficult, time consuming, or costly everyone would want to avoid it. It is possible to attest that such capability is possible from what is happening now where citizens had been undertaking a wide range of interaction, not only with the various governmental bodies, but also with other non-governmental agencies that avail various services online. Some of the outcomes had been the result of the variety of technologies that are becoming available for use, as well as the kind of speed that had been made available to manipulate data and disperse them around for those who have important use for them. A good example to cite might be the various networks that are mushrooming on the Internet that can facilitate the flow of knowledge, ideas, and most of all information where the earlier prevalent monopolies of knowledge and information had been obliterated. Individuals could start a dialogue about any subject matter in various forms and attain a deep understanding of issues at hand, to the point where they can always make the required preparation before making important decisions. It is not only that they could also ask informed questions. What this would mean is it is possible for them to ask more service or information from the governments, while at the same time when governments introduce programs or services they would know how to put them to work effectively. Since the number of people that belong to a network is high, and most of all since it is voluntary, the collective measure they could take could have uniformity where governmental bodies will not have to deal with a single outlook, where such outlook might not be refined. A distinction between availing a service online that could introduce efficiency, cost reduction, time-saving, and convenience and when there is a program setup to generate feedback about a certain service the governments render was made. The latter had been found as useful simply because it could be a stimulant to introducing improvement on what the involved governments seeking the feedback could be availing to the citizens. Hence, based on the feedback it is possible to take measures, and this would mean such interaction could be labeled as an indirect participation in the government decision making process, where there is no direct voting involved. It might also be important to mention why paying attention to this issue is important simply because the use of the Internet is becoming widespread. The number of people who have Internet connection from their work place, at home, and numerous outlets established by various source is on the rise everywhere, hence more presence on such a medium is to the advantage of everyone simply because good outcome could be attained by having a well organized interaction and participation. It does not matter whether the government is availing most of its services online, or it is gathering feedback about what it is doing and what the citizens wants, or in some cases the decision making process could involve citizens directly by asking them to vote and the measures taken would be based on the vote. Overall, what the priority should be is to become familiar with the citizens’ need and try to accommodate it according to what the social changes require it. This would mean on the part of the government an effort to put to good use of whatever technological advancement comes to the fore. When that is the case the government would be in a position to avail efficient service to the citizens and eventually some kind of e-democracy could become practical. Similar to what Layne and Lee (2001, 122-135) did Kim had introduced four models of e-government and had concluded by saying the main drive of the change is not the advancement of technology. In fact, according to his observation what is responsible for the change is the diversity and evolution of society that resulted in making society, culture, and politics the main surges behind the change. The exception being that if new technologies such as the Internet did not come around, it will be difficult to say that evolvement could make it where it is now, although it is possible to attain the diversity without the new technologies. The four models of e-governments according to Kim are Bureaucracy Model, Information Management Model, Citizen Participation Model, and Governance Model.

Irena Sendler Essay

She takes the crying baby into her arms, turns her back on the hysterical mother, and walks off into the night. If she’s caught, she and the baby will die. â€Å"Promise me my child will live!† the mother cries desperately after her. She turns for a moment. â€Å"I can’t promise that. But I can promise that if he stays with you, he will die.† Irena Sendler is a heroic woman to say the least. Sendler was born February 15, 1910, in Otwock, a small town southeast of Warsaw, Poland. She was an only child of Catholic parents who devoted much of their lives to help Jewish workers. Her parents raised her to respect and love people regardless of their ethnicity or social status. She was especially influenced by her father, a doctor who defied anti-Semites by treating sick Jews during outbreaks of typhoid fever. Her father died of the disease when Sendler was 9. The last words her dying father told her â€Å"If someone is drowning in a river, you must jump in and try to save them, even if you cannot swim†. Even before the war, Irena had strong loyalties towards Jews. In the 1930s, at Warsaw University, she stood up for her Jewish friends. Jews were forced to sit separately from â€Å"Aryan† students. One day, Irena went to sit on the Jewish side of the room. When the teacher told her to move, she answered, â€Å"I’m Jewish today.† She was expelled immediately. Decades later, under Communist rule, she was considered a subversive; her son and daughter were refused entry into Warsaw University. During the time of the war, Irena was a senior administrator in the Warsaw Social Welfare Department, which was in charge of soup kitchens, located in every district of the city. They distributed meals and gave financial assistance and other services to the poor, elderly, and orphans. From 1939–1942, she was involved in acquiring forged documents, she registered many Jews under Christian names so they could receive services.

A view from the bridge dramatically effective Essay Example

A view from the bridge dramatically effective Essay Example A view from the bridge dramatically effective Essay A view from the bridge dramatically effective Essay Later due to Eddies Negativity it seems as if everyone is against Eddie. Who Miller at the moment is being made out to be Selfish and bad. After all this it says Catherine puts on a record and flushed with revolt asks Rodolfo to dance. The words flushed with revolt show us that Catherine is very annoyed and wants to get back and Eddie, showing him she is not his puppet and is independent. Rodolfo at the moment is not too sure about Eddie so decides to say no, but Beatrice once again going against Eddie tells them to dance. Eddie is frustrated and the play says he turns his head away. He then seems to plan how hes going to get Rodolfo back for this. To take attention away from what hes done he starts praising Rodolfo which hes never done before. This is a physical way of showing emotions, a lot of Millers messages are sent through physical activities. He then finds his opportunity by asking Rodolfo to box with him. He then starts to seem really nice. Hes teaching Rodolfo how to defend himself from enemies. Acting very friendly with him. Beatrice who first thought this was a bad idea starts enjoying it. Everything is going well. Eddie asks Rodolfo to hit him and after Eddie says hes going to hit Rodolfo but in a friendly way. So Eddie hits him hard. He alone knows that he has got his revenge from Rodolfo dancing with Catherine. Everyone is wondering whether Rodolfo is ok and Rodolfo trying to seem manly in front of Catherine says yes hes fine he was just surprised. Everyone else falls for it. This was a way of Eddie getting his anger out, also showing Rodolfo that he wants respect from him. This again is Physical like most of the key moments in Millers play. Mainly the intension had been to seem a bigger man than Rodolfo! Lastly and this is the most important section which makes the end of act one dramatically effective. Is the scene where Marco asks Eddie to lift a chair with one hand and Eddie cant, but Marco can. Everyone has fallen for Eddies punch on Rodolfo as being merely friendly except Marco who realises there was a deeper intension. He then confronts Eddie this way showing him that he is stronger than him; mainly that he will defend his brother anytime he needs to. So Eddie should watch what he does. This is the second Confrontation between Eddie and Marco. Miller also wanted this to leave a cliff-hanger to make audiences or reader want to continue reading or come back and watch the rest of the play. This also makes you think about what happens in the play a lot more. Once again it is physical showing that most of the play is based on physical activities.

Buyer Remedies Of A Contract

Buyer Remedies Of A Contract Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Buyer Remedies Of A Contract The general rules of a contract required from either the seller or the buyer is to comply with their obligations. Therefore, the seller is expected to do his obligation and the buyer is also expected to oblige, but sometimes one party may breach the contract in many ways. For example, the seller may deliver the goods to the buyer late or the delivered goods fail to conform to the standards which are set by the agreement between them. However, in some cases the buyer may breach the contract by not paying the price of the goods.   [ 1 ]   When the breach of contract happens, the injured party may claim for remedies or damages which are available to both the buyer and the seller. This essay, however, will only deal with the buyer remedies. (perhaps say why) It may be generally said that if the parties have not chosen remedies in their contractual relationship, the law which governs the contract will apply in this case. It appears that the remedies whi ch are available for the buyer for breach of contract are different from form to form.   [ 2 ]   These remedies for instance seem to be more elaborated in the Vienna Convention 1980 on Contract for The International Sale of Goods (CISG) compared with English Sale of Goods Act 1979.   [ 3 ]   Therefore the buyer under the CISG has many remedies such as specific performance, more time (Nachfrist) and price reduction. However, under the (SGA) 1979 these remedies are very limited such as termination and damages.   [ 4 ]   It could be said that this difference for the buyer remedies existence due to the CISG being designed to consider the characteristics of the international trade such as the long distance between the parties which increases the cost of transportation.   [ 5 ]    This paper will not examine all the buyer remedies, instead it will just examine one remedy: specific performance. This will be analyzed in two different approaches which are the CISG approach an d the common law approach, in particular the English law act (SGA 1979). Additionally, there has been much debate about whether the specific performance remedy under the Vienna Convention is more useful than the specific performance remedy under the English Law for international sales transactions. Hence, this paper is going to examine and analyze this argument in more detail. Specific Performance under the Vienna Convention on contract for the International Sale Of Goods One of the buyer remedies is specific performance. The main provision dealing with this remedy is Article 46, which states that: (1) The buyer may require performance by the seller of his obligations unless the buyer has resorted to remedy which is inconsistent with this requirement. (2) If the goods do not conform with the contract, the buyer may require delivery of substitute goods only if the lack of conformity constitutes a fundamental breach of contract and a request for substitute goods is made either in conj unction with notice given under article 39 or within a reasonable time thereafter. (3) If the goods do not conform to contract, the buyer may require the seller to remedy the lack of conformity by repair, unless this is unreasonable having regard to all the circumstances. A request for repair must be made either in conjunction with notice given under article 39 or within a reasonable time thereafter.   [ 6 ]

Choose ANY project from the pre-modern (pre-1750) period Essay

Choose ANY project from the pre-modern (pre-1750) period - Essay Example The need to construct the Suez Canal therefore became imperative with the growing need for quick transportation to facilitate trade and human transport. A French company took the initiative of constructing the canal and obtained a 99 year concession for the canal. Thereafter, the Suez Canal Company was established with much funding obtained from Europe. Ferdinand de Lesseps obtained the concession in 1854 from Egypt and Sudan in order to build the canal (Farnie 58). He brought together a team of thirteen experts who were to be in charge of overseeing the construction of the canal. Indeed, myriad challenges were anticipated and it was expected that these challenges would be addressed in the course of the process. Surveys were done in Egypt and most of the discussions and deliberations were conducted in Paris. A final unanimous report for the construction was therefore produced detailing all the relevant aspects of the canal that would create any relevance at that time and in the future. The real construction work began at Port Said in Egypt on 25th April 1859 (Karabell 89). In order to provide the much needed labor that was necessary for the excavation work, forced labor was effectively used. Sources estimate that at any given time, up to 30,000 people were working on the project. It is further estimated that a total of 1.5 million, at one time or another, actually worked on the project. Challenges often abound in this process. The excavation work was very difficult and so many workers died in the process. The desert conditions where the workers did most of their work were never favorable in any way for such kind of work. Despite the imperative need for the canal, the British government had always opposed the whole idea behind the canal from the outset. In the course of the project, the British government totally opposed the use of slaves as the main source of labor for the construction of the canal.